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The cambium is a region of the stem where the vascular system is made.

Cambial initials make phloem cells to the outer (bark) side of the stem, while xylem is made to the inner section of the stem.

Micrograph of the cross section of a stem with the following structures identified in order from outside to core: bark, cortex, fibers, cambium, secondary xylem, and pith.
Close up photo of a cutting with the cambium identified.
Micrograph of the cross section of a stem with the following structures identified in order from outside to core: bark, cortex, fibers, cambium, secondary xylem, and pith.

During grafting the cambial regions of the scion and rootstock must line up so that the vascular systems can reattach in the graft union.

Photo showing a rootstock and scion being spliced together.

Illustration showing how the vascular systems of the scion and rootstock reattach in the graft union.